复合材料结构上表面密封的金属配件的拆除REMOVAL OF FAYING SURFACE SEALED METAL FITTINGS FROM COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
1. INTRODUCTION 介绍
A. The data in this subject comes from Boeing Process Document D6-53900 (which supersedes D6-53225 and D6-48597) and Boeing Process Specification BAC5000.
本主题中的数据来自波音工艺文件 D6-53900（取代 D6-53225 和 D6-48597）和波音工艺规范 BAC5000。
B. The data is general. It is not about all situations or specific installations. Use it as a guide to help you write minimum standards.
数据具有通用性。它不涉及所有情况或特定安装。请将其作为帮助您编写最低标准的指南。
C. Refer to SOPM 20-00-00 for a list of all the vendor names and addresses.
所有供应商名称和地址的列表，请参阅SOPM 20-00-00。
2. SCOPE 范围
A. This subject gives procedures for removal of metal fittings which are attached to composite structures with sealant. If the overhaul instructions are different, use the overhaul instructions.
本标准给出了拆除用密封胶固定在复合材料结构上的金属配件的程序。如大修说明不同，则使用大修说明。
3. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 设备与材料
NOTE: Equivalent substitutes can be used.
注：可使用同等替代品。
A. Cold Method
冷方法
(1) Liquid nitrogen, in a dispensing canister with a hose.
液氮，装在带软管的分配罐中。
(2) Piccolo tube — A tube with holes along its length, to attach to the output hose of the liquid nitrogen source, to supply liquid nitrogen inside the insulating box. Put the holes along the center 50% of the tube length, and locate them in a straight line ±15 degrees through only one wall of the tube. Make the tube of a length to fit the size of the box plus sufficiently longer to let you attach the tube to the hose from the liquid nitrogen source.
短笛管 — 沿长度方向开孔的管子，用于连接液氮源的输出软管，向绝缘箱内提供液氮。沿着管长 50%的中心位置开孔，孔的位置与管壁成±15 度并沿直线排布。管子的长度要适合箱子的大小，还要足够长，以便将管子连接到液氮源的软管上。
(3) Polyurethane foam or Styrofoam sheet, 2 inches thick.
聚氨酯泡沫或聚苯乙烯泡沫板，2 英寸厚。
(4) Digital thermocouple thermometer that can measure down to -300°F or colder, with a minimum of two temperature inputs — Keithley Model 871, V80164.
数字热电偶温度计，可测量低至 -300°F 或更低的温度，至少有两个温度输入端 – Keithley Model 871, V80164
(5) Chromel-alumel thermocouples (quantity 2), with leads a minimum of 6 feet long, with plugs to connect to the digital thermometer.
铬铝热电偶（2 个），导线至少 6 英尺长，带插头，可连接数字温度计。
(6) Pinning rods — 6 inches long by 1/8 inch diameter, material optional, each with a slightly rounded point at one end. Quantity as necessary to attach the front panel of the box to the side wall panels.
插销杆 — 6 英寸长，直径 1/8 英寸，材料可选，每根插销杆的一端都略呈圆形。数量根据需要而定，用于将箱体前面板固定到侧壁板上。
(7) Adhesive tape, aluminum foil pressure sensitive — One inch wide (Scotch 425, V76381) (SOPM 20-60-04).
铝箔压敏胶带–1 英寸宽（Scotch 425，V76381）（SOPM 20-60-04）。
(8) Duct tape — 2 inches wide.
胶带 — 2 英寸宽。
(9) Adhesive, silicone, one-part — RTV 106, V01139 (SOPM 20-60-04).
硅酮粘合剂，一部分 — RTV 106，V01139（SOPM 20-60-04）。
(10) Wrenching tool, with a business end to fit in the hole or bore of the metal fitting, to apply torque or force to break the fitting from the structure
扳手，其一端应能插入金属接头的孔或孔内，以施加扭矩或力将接头从结构上分开
(11) Sealant cutter or scraper, wooden or plastic, as specified in BAC5000 (SOPM 20-50-19).
BAC5000（SOPM 20-50-19）规定的木制或塑料制密封剂切割器或刮刀。
B. Hot Method
热方法
(1) Digital thermocouple thermometer that can measure up to +260°F, with a minimum of two temperature inputs — Keithley Model 871, V80164.
数字热电偶温度计，最高测量温度可达 +260°F，至少有两个温度输入端 – Keithley Model 871, V80164。
(2) Thermocouples (quantity 2), with plugs to connect to the digital thermometer.
热电偶（2 个），带连接数字温度计的插头。
(3) Adhesive tape, aluminum foil pressure sensitive — Scotch 425, V76381 (SOPM 20-60-04).
铝箔压敏胶带–Scotch 425, V76381 (SOPM 20-60-04)。
(4) Heat source
热源
(a) For Hot Method A: Heater blanket with temperature controller and thermocouple or other measuring device to monitor temperature.
对于热法 A： 带温度控制器和热电偶或其他测量装置的加热毯，以监测温度。
(b) For Hot Method B: Hot air gun or other heat source that can apply heat up to 250°F
热法 B：热风枪或其他可加热至 250°F 的热源。
(5) Wrenching tool, with a business end to fit in the hole or bore of the metal fitting, to apply torque or force to separate the fitting from the structure.
端部可插入金属接头孔内的扳手，用于施加扭矩或力，将接头与结构分开。
(6) Sealant cutter or scraper, wooden or plastic, as specified in BAC5000 (SOPM 20-50-19).
BAC5000（SOPM 20-50-19）规定的木制或塑料制密封剂切割器或刮刀。
(7) Solvents (SOPM 20-60-01)
溶剂（SOPM 20-60-01）
(a) BMS 11-7 (SOPM 20-30-83, SOPM 20-30-87)
(b) Citra-Safe, SOPM 20-30-87V
(c) FCC-55 (SOPM 20-30-83, SOPM 20-30-87) (New supply not available无新供应品)
(d) Methyl ethyl ketone 甲基乙基酮– ASTM D 740 (SOPM 20-30-99)
(e) Methyl ethyl ketone 甲基乙基酮– sec-butyl alcohol mix (SOPM 20-30-83):
1) 40-44 percent methyl ethyl ketone ASTM D 740
40-44% 的甲乙酮，ASTM D 740
2) 56-60 percent sec-butyl alcohol, ASTM D 1007
56-60%的仲丁醇，ASTM D 1007
(f) Methyl propyl ketone — BMS 11-9 (SOPM 20-30-99)
甲基丙基酮–BMS 11-9（SOPM 20-30-99）
(g) Turco 4460-BK (SOPM 20-30-83, SOPM 20-30-87)
Turco 4460-BK（SOPM 20-30-83、SOPM 20-30-87）
(8) Wipers — BMS 15-5, Class A (SOPM 20-60-04)
擦拭纸–BMS 15-5，A 级（SOPM 20-60-04）
4. COLD METHOD 冷方法
NOTE: This method is optional to the hot method (Paragraph 5. and Paragraph 6.) for all installations but those that use BMS 5-95 sealant. For installations that use BMS 5-95 sealant, use only the hot method (Paragraph 5. or Paragraph 6.).
注： 除使用 BMS 5-95 密封胶的安装外，所有安装均可选择此方法。对于使用 BMS 5-95 密封胶的安装，只能使用热法 （第 5 段或第 6 段）。
A. With a sealant cutter or scraper, remove as much sealant as possible from the fitting, the fasteners and fillets.
使用密封剂切割器或刮刀，从接头、紧固件和圆角处清除尽可能多的密封剂。
B. With the applicable removal tools, remove all fasteners that attach the fitting to the structure.
使用适用的拆卸工具，拆下将接头固定在结构上的所有紧固件。
(1) For nuts and bolts, hold the head of the bolt and remove the nut. Do not turn the bolt unless there is no access to the nut.
对于螺母和螺栓，应握住螺栓头部并卸下螺母。除非无法接近螺母，否则不要转动螺栓。
(2) For permanent fasteners with collars, hold the collar and drill out the fastener. Be careful not to damage composite fibers with the drill bit. Do not try to use a chisel to remove the collar. Get help if necessary.
对于带有轴环的永久性紧固件，握住轴环并钻出紧固件。小心不要用钻头损坏复合纤维。不要尝试使用凿子来拔出轴环。必要时请寻求帮助。
(3) For blind fasteners and rivets, drill the fastener from the head side to remove the head. Be careful not to damage composite fibers with the drill bit. Give support to the opposite side of the part and tap out the fastener with a hammer and punch.
对于盲孔紧固件和铆钉，从紧固件头部一侧钻孔取出头部。小心不要用钻头损坏复合纤维。在零件的反面给予支撑，用锤子和冲头敲出紧固件。
C. Make an insulating box to go around the fitting to be removed.
在要拆除的接头周围制作一个隔热箱。
(1) Cut polyurethane foam or Styrofoam sheets to make a box to fit around the fitting. Make the box with a removable front panel or cover.
剪下聚氨酯泡沫或泡沫塑料片，制作一个适合安装在接头周围的箱子。制作一个带有可拆卸前面板或盖子的箱子。
(2) Use silicone adhesive and duct tape as necessary to assemble and install the box on the structure. Do not attach the front panel with adhesive or tape. Pinning rods will be used to attach the front panel, to make it easier to remove the panel for access to the fitting during the procedure.
根据需要使用硅胶粘合剂和胶带将箱子组装并安装在结构上。不要用粘合剂或胶带固定前面板。将使用钉杆固定前面板，以便在程序中更容易拆卸面板以检修接头。
D. Install two thermocouples on the metal fitting closest to the faying surface. Put the thermocouples at opposite upper and lower ends of the fitting. Attach the thermocouples to the fitting with aluminum tape. Send the thermocouple leads outside the box and connect each one to the digital thermometer.
在最靠近接合面的金属配件上安装两个热电偶。将热电偶分别安装在接头的上下两端。用铝胶带将热电偶固定在接头上。将热电偶引线引出箱外，并将每根引线连接到数字温度计上。
E. Install the piccolo tube in the box. 将短笛管安装到盒子中。
(1) Make a hole through the upper half of one of the side panels of the box, to be a tight fit with the piccolo tube.
在箱体一侧板的上半部分开孔，与短笛管紧密配合。
(2) Push the piccolo tube horizontally through the hole, horizontally through the interior of the box, and push the tip of the tube into the opposite side panel of the box.
将短笛管水平穿过孔，水平穿过箱内部，并将管尖推入箱的另一侧板。
(3) Turn the tube to put the holes downward, toward the fitting.
转动短笛管，使孔向下，朝向接头。
F. Connect the hose from the liquid nitrogen source to the open end of the piccolo tube.
将液氮源的软管连接到短笛管的开口端。
G. Put the front panel on the box and attach it in position with the pinning rods. Push the rods through the front cover into the side panels of the box.
将前面板放在箱子上，并用销杆将其固定到位。将连杆穿过前盖推入箱体的侧板。
CAUTION ：LIQUID NITROGEN (-320°F) WILL CAUSE FROSTBITE OR FREEZING OF SKIN TISSUES UPON CONTACT. APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING (GLOVES, FACE SHIELD, RUBBER APRON) SHALL BE WORN WHILE WORKING WITH LIQUID NITROGEN AND HANDLING CHILLED PARTS.
注意 ：液氮 （-320°F）接触后会导致皮肤组织冻伤或冻结。在使用液氮和处理冷冻零件时，必须穿戴适当的防护服 （手套、面罩、橡胶围裙）。
H. Turn on the digital thermometer. Send liquid nitrogen into the box through the piccolo tube and monitor the temperatures until they are -200°F or colder.
打开数字温度计。通过短笛管将液氮送入箱内并监测温度，直至温度达到 -200°F 或更低。
I. For large fittings, where one or more of the box dimensions is longer than 12 inches, continue to send liquid nitrogen into the box for five more minutes after the two temperatures are at -200°F.
对于大型配件，如果其中一个或多个箱体尺寸超过 12 英寸，则在两个温度达到 -200 华氏度后，继续将液氮送入箱体 5 分钟。
J. Stop the flow of liquid nitrogen into the box and wait approximately 15 seconds to let the remaining liquid nitrogen drain. Then remove the front panel of the box.
停止向箱内输送液氮，等待约 15 秒，让剩余的液氮排出。然后取下盒子的前面板。
K. Immediately apply torque or force to the fitting with the wrenching tool in the hole or bore of the fitting. For long fittings, apply the force or torque at one end of the fitting, to apply the maximum moment load to the bond between the fitting and the structure surface.
立即用扳手在管接头孔中施加扭矩或力。对于长管配件，应在管配件的一端施加力或扭矩，以便对管配件与结构表面之间的粘合处施加最大的力矩载荷。
CAUTION ：DO NOT USE A HAMMER ON, OR HIT THE FITTING OR TOOL IN ANY WAY, TO PREVENT UNNECESSARY STRUCTURAL DAMAGE.
注意 ：切勿用锤子敲打或以任何方式撞击管配件或工具，以免造成不必要的结构损坏。
L. After the fitting becomes loose, let it warm back to room temperature before you touch it again.
配件松动后，应待其回温至室温后再触摸。
5. HOT METHOD A (BAC5000 PAR. 8.7.5) 热方法 A （BAC5000 第 8.7.5 节）
NOTE: The hot method is now the preferred procedure for all installations. Use only the hot method for fittings bonded with BMS 5-95 sealant. You can use Hot Method A or B.
注： 热法是目前所有安装的首选程序。对于使用 BMS 5-95 密封胶粘接的配件，只能使用热法。可以使用热法 A 或 B。
A. Before you start, review the material requirements to find the maximum temperature that will not cause damage to the parts to be separated. For example:
开始之前，请查看材料要求，找出不会对要分离的零件造成损坏的最高温度。例如
(1) Temperatures higher than 180°F can cause damage to some materials.
温度高于 180 华氏度会对某些材料造成损坏。
(2) For aluminum and titanium parts that were shot peened, refer to BAC5730 Table VI (Table 11 in SOPM 20-10-03) for applicable temperature limits.
对于经过喷丸处理的铝和钛零件，请参考 BAC5730 表 VI（SOPM 20-10-03 中的表 11）了解适用的温度限制。
(3) For aluminum parts with cold worked holes, do not use a temperature higher than 200°F.
对于带有冷加工孔的铝质零件，使用温度不得高于 200°F。
(4) For assemblies bonded by the procedures of BAC5010 (SOPM 20-50-12) or BAC5514 (SOPM 20-50-14), do not use a temperature higher than 180°F.
对于按 BAC5010 (SOPM 20-50-12) 或 BAC5514 (SOPM 20-50-14)程序粘接的组件，温度不得高于 180°F。
B. With an approved sealant cutter or scraper, remove the fillet seal and the squeezed-out sealant along the edge of the fay sealed parts. Use wipers and brushes wet with solvent as necessary.
使用经认可的密封剂切割器或刮刀，清除圆角密封件和沿密封零件边缘挤出的密封剂。必要时使用沾有溶剂的抹布和刷子。
C. Use a heater blanket to make the sealant soft.
使用加热毯使密封胶变软。
(1) Attach the thermocouples or other temperature measuring devices as near as possible to the fay seal (sealant bond line).
将热电偶或其他温度测量装置尽可能靠近密封件（密封胶粘合线）。
(a) You can put masking tape on the surface, then put the thermocouple on the tape, and then put one more piece of tape over the thermocouple to hold it in position.
可以在表面贴上遮蔽胶带，然后将热电偶贴在胶带上，再在热电偶上贴上一条胶带以固定其位置。
(b) If the heater blanket is large, more than one thermocouple location could be necessary to monitor all areas, to make sure one area does not become too hot.
如果电热毯较大，可能需要多个热电偶位置来监测所有区域，以确保某个区域不会太热。
(2) Put the heater blanket on the fitting, over the area that has the fay surface sealant. For good heat coverage, make sure the blanket is a good fit over the fitting and touches as much of the fitting as possible.
将电热毯盖在配件上，盖在有表面密封剂的区域上。为了获得良好的热覆盖效果，确保加热毯与管配件完全贴合，并尽可能多地接触管件。
(3) Set the temperature control of the heater blanket to the maximum permitted temperature for the part from the review of Paragraph 5.A., with a heat increase rate of 5°F per minute.
将加热毯的温度控制设置为第 5.A 段所述零件的最高允许温度，加热速度为每分钟 5°F。
(4) Apply heat to the part and monitor the temperatures until they are at the specified value.
对零件加热并监控温度，直至达到规定的温度值。
(5) Let the part soak at this temperature for 20-40 minutes.
让零件在此温度下浸泡 20-40 分钟。
(6) Turn off and remove the heater blanket.
关闭并取下加热毯。
D. Immediately tap or lightly pry the fitting away from the structure surface with a wood or plastic wedge. You can use a rubber mallet to push the wedge between the parts, but be careful to prevent damage to the parts.
立即用木楔或塑料楔敲击或轻轻撬动配件，使其脱离结构表面。可以用橡胶锤将楔子推到零件之间，但要小心，以防损坏零件。
E. After the fitting becomes loose, let it cool back to room temperature before you touch it again.
配件松动后，让其冷却至室温后再触摸。
F. After the parts are cooled to room temperature, remove remaining sealant with approved scrapers, wipers or brushes wet with solvent.
零件冷却至室温后，用经认可的刮板、抹布或用溶剂浸湿的刷子清除剩余的密封胶。
6. HOT METHOD B (D6-53900 Table 29) 热方法 B （D6-53900 表 29）
CAUTION:DO NOT RAP, HAMMER, OR STRIKE FITTING OR TOOL IN ANY WAY, TO AVOID UNNECESSARY STRUCTURE DAMAGE.
注意：不得以任何方式敲打、锤击或撞击配件或工具，以免造成不必要的结构损坏。
NOTE: The hot method is now the preferred procedure for all installations. Use only the hot method for fittings bonded with BMS 5-95 sealant.
注： 热法是目前所有安装的首选程序。对于使用 BMS 5-95 密封胶粘接的配件，只能使用热熔法。
A. With a sealant cutter or scraper, remove as much sealant as possible from the fitting, the fasteners and fillets.
使用密封胶切割器或刮刀，从配件、紧固件和圆角处去除尽可能多的密封胶。
B. With the applicable removal tools, remove all fasteners that attach the fitting to the structure.
使用适用的拆除工具，拆除配件与结构相连的所有紧固件。
(1) For nuts and bolts, hold the head of the bolt and remove the nut. Do not turn the bolt unless there is no access to the nut.
对于螺母和螺栓，握住螺栓头部并卸下螺母。除非无法接近螺母，否则不要转动螺栓。
(2) For permanent fasteners with collars, hold the collar and drill out the fastener. Be careful not to damage composite fibers with the drill bit. Do not try to use a chisel to remove the collar. Get help if necessary.
对于带有轴环的永久性紧固件，握住轴环并钻出紧固件。小心不要用钻头损坏复合纤维。不要尝试使用凿子来拔出轴环。必要时请寻求帮助。
(3) For blind fasteners and rivets, drill the fastener from the head side to remove the head. Be careful not to damage composite fibers with the drill bit. Give support to the opposite side of the part and tap out the fastener with a hammer and punch.
对于盲孔紧固件和铆钉，从紧固件头部一侧钻孔取出头部。小心不要用钻头损坏复合纤维。在零件的反面给予支撑，用锤子和冲头敲出紧固件。
C. Install two thermocouples on the metal fitting closest to the faying surface. Put the thermocouples at opposite upper and lower ends of the fitting. Attach the thermocouples to the fitting with aluminum tape. Send the thermocouple leads out and connect each one to the digital thermometer.
在最靠近接合面的金属配件上安装两个热电偶。将热电偶分别安装在接头的上下两端。用铝胶带将热电偶固定在配件上。将热电偶引线伸出，并将每根引线连接到数字温度计上。
D. Turn on the digital thermometer. Heat the fitting with a hot air gun and monitor the temperatures until they are 180-200°F. Keep the fitting in this temperature range for a minimum of 15 minutes.
打开数字温度计。用热风枪加热配件并监控温度，直到温度达到 180-200°F。将接头保持在此温度范围内至少 15 分钟。
CAUTION：INSULATED GLOVES AND EQUIVALENT PROTECTION MUST BE USED TO PREVENT INJURY FROM HEATED SURFACES.
注意：必须使用绝缘手套和类似的保护措施，以防止被加热的表面伤害。
E. Immediately apply torque or force to the fitting with the wrenching tool in the hole or bore of the fitting. For long fittings, apply the force or torque at one end of the fitting, to apply the maximum moment load to the bond between the fitting and the structure surface. You can also apply a slow, gradual torque to one side of the attachment with a wedge or equivalent tool.
立即用扳手在配件的孔或孔内对配件施加扭矩或力。对于长管配件，应在管配件的一端施加力或扭矩，以便对管配件与结构表面之间的粘接施加最大力矩载荷。您也可以使用楔子或类似工具对配件的一侧施加缓慢、渐进的扭矩。
CAUTION:DO NOT USE A HAMMER ON, OR HIT THE FITTING OR TOOL IN ANY WAY, TO PREVENT UNNECESSARY STRUCTURAL DAMAGE.
注意：切勿用锤子敲打或以任何方式撞击配件或工具，以免造成不必要的结构损坏。
F. After the fitting becomes loose, let it cool back to room temperature before you touch it again.
配件松动后，应待其冷却至室温后再触摸。