轴承的清洁和再润滑
CLEANING AND RELUBRICATING BEARINGS
1. INTRODUCTION 介绍
A. The data in this subject comes from Boeing Process Specifications BAC5040 and BAC5200, and field experiences. The airline has a copy of the Boeing Process Specification Manual.
本主题中的数据来自波音工艺规范 BAC5040 和 BAC5200 以及实地经验。航空公司有一本《波音工艺规范手册》。
B. The data is general. It is not about all situations or specific installations. Use this data as a guide to help you write minimum standards.
数据是通用的。并不涉及所有情况或特定安装。请将这些数据作为指南，帮助您制定最低标准。
C. Refer to SOPM 20-00-00 for a list of all the vendor names and addresses.
请参阅 SOPM 20-00-00，了解所有供应商的名称和地址。
2. GENERAL 通用
A. These instructions tell how to clean, lubricate, do preservation and give protection to these bearings:
本说明介绍了如何对轴承进行清洁、润滑、防腐和保护：
(1) New bearings supplied with preservative or lubricant that is different than required.
新轴承的防腐剂或润滑剂与要求不同。
(2) New lubricated bearings when it is a long time since the lubrication date.
润滑日期已过很长时间的新润滑轴承。
(3) Used bearings.
使用过的轴承。
B. For easy reference in these instructions, we put the bearings into these types:
为便于参考，我们将轴承分为以下几种类型：
(1) Type 1 — Wheel bearings
类型 1 — 轮毂轴承
(2) Type 2 — Unshielded ball and roller bearings (but not wheel bearings)
类型 2 — 非屏蔽球轴承和滚子轴承（但不包括轮毂轴承）
(3) Type 3 — Shielded (sealed or unsealed) ball, roller and needle bearings
类型 3 — 带屏蔽（密封或非密封）的球轴承、滚子轴承和滚针轴承
(4) Type 4 — Instrument or precision bearings. These include:
类型 4 — 仪器或精密轴承。其中包括：
(a) Bearings identified as instrument or precision grade.
确定为仪器或精密级的轴承。
(b) Bearings smaller than 1.00 inch outside diameter.
外径小于 1.00 英寸的轴承。
(c) Bearings with a maximum torque of less than 5 ounce-inches.
最大扭矩小于 5 盎司-英寸的轴承。
(d) Bearings made by Miniature Precision Bearings, Inc. (V40920); Micro-Precision Division of Micromatic Hone Corp., Los Angeles, California; Microtech Corporation, Pasadena, California; Barden Corporation (V70854).
这些公司（Miniature Precision Bearings, Inc. (V40920)、Micromatic Hone Corp. Micro-Precision Division, Los Angeles, California、Microtech Corporation, Pasadena, California、Barden Corporation (V70854)）生产的轴承。
(5) Type 5 — Ball bearings per MIL-B-7949, with removable snap-ring style retaining rings and seals.
类型 5 — 符合 MIL-B-7949 标准的球轴承，配有可拆卸的卡环式挡圈和密封件。
(6) Type 6 — Sintered metal bearings
类型 6 — 烧结金属轴承
(7) Type 7 — Teflon-lined bearings
类型 7 — Teflon内衬轴承
C. The instructions in this subject are for only Types 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 bearings. Do not use these instructions for Types 3 and 4 bearings. For Types 3 and 4 bearings, refer to the vendor’s instructions.
本主题中的说明仅适用于 1、2、5、6 和 7 型轴承。请勿将本说明用于 3 和 4 型轴承。对于 3 型和 4 型轴承，请参阅供应商的说明。
D. Keep the area and equipment sufficiently clean to give protection against corrosion, deterioration and damage. Air conditioning is recommended.
保持区域和设备足够清洁，以防止腐蚀、老化和损坏。建议使用空调。
E. Keep a relative humidity of 40 percent maximum in the area.
保持区域内相对湿度不超过 40%。
F. Final rinse, preservative and lubricating fluid systems must have filters to remove all particles larger than 10 microns. Particles larger than 0.45 micron must be a maximum of 1.0 mg per 100 ml of fluid.
最后冲洗、防腐剂和润滑液系统必须安装过滤器，以去除所有大于 10 微米的颗粒。大于 0.45 微米的颗粒在每 100 毫升液体中的含量不得超过 1.0 毫克。
3. MATERIALS 材料
NOTE: Equivalent substitutes can be used.
注： 可使用同等替代品。
A. Solvents (SOPM 20-60-01)
溶剂（SOPM 20-60-01）
(1) Dry cleaning — P-D-680
干洗 — P-D-680
(2) Mineral spirits — TT-T-291
矿油精 — TT-T-291
(3) Trichloroethylene — BMS 11-6, Type 1
三氯乙烯 — BMS 11-6，类型 1
(4) Trichloroethane — O-T-620
三氯乙烷 — O-T-620
B. Fingerprint remover — MIL-C-15074 (SOPM 20-60-01)
指纹清除剂 — MIL-C-15074 (SOPM 20-60-01)
C. Grease (SOPM 20-60-03)
润滑脂（SOPM 20-60-03）
(1) Aeroshell 5
(2) BMS 3-33 or MIL-G-23827
(3) MIL-G-81322
D. Oil — MIL-L-7870 (SOPM 20-60-03)
油 — MIL-L-7870 （SOPM 20-60-03）
E. Container, grease-proof — MIL-B-117, Type 1, 2, or 3, Class C, Style 1, 2, or 3 (SOPM 20-60-04)
防油脂容器 — MIL-B-117，类型 1、2 或 3，C 级，样式 1、2 或 3（SOPM 20-60-04）
F. Corrosion preventive compound — MIL-C-16173, Grade 3 (SOPM 20-60-02)
防腐蚀化合物 — MIL-C-16173，3 级 (SOPM 20-60-02)
4. HANDLING BEARINGS BEFORE CLEANING AND RELUBRICATING 清洁和重新润滑前轴承的处理
A. New Bearings
新轴承
(1) Keep new bearings in their original container until they are installed or cleaned and lubricated.
新轴承在安装或清洁和润滑前应保存在原容器中。
(2) If new bearings were removed from their original container and not installed or cleaned and lubricated immediately, put them in containers per Paragraph 9. and identify them per Paragraph 10.
如果新轴承从原容器中取出，但未立即安装或清洁和润滑，按照第9段将它们放入容器中，并根据第10段进行标识。
B. Used Bearings
使用过的轴承
(1) If the bearings will not be cleaned and relubricated immediately after removal from an assembly, give them protection from dirt, dust, moisture, corrosion or abrasion. Use vapor barrier material sealed with tape. Refer to SOPM 20-44-02 for more details.
如果轴承从组件中取出后没有立即清洗和重新润滑，则应保护轴承免受污物、灰尘、湿气、腐蚀或磨损。使用用胶带密封的防潮材料。详情请参阅 SOPM 20-44-02。
5. CLEANING 清洁
A. General
通用
(1) Before you clean the bearing, carefully remove any seals and retainers. Do not damage any parts.
在清洁轴承之前，请小心取下所有密封件和保持架。不要损坏任何零件。
CAUTION :DO NOT USE METHODS 1 THRU 5 ON TYPE 7 (TEFLON-LINED) BEARINGS. TEFLON-LINED BEARINGS MUST BE CLEANED BY METHOD 6 ONLY. TYPE 6 (SINTERED METAL) BEARINGS MUST BE CLEANED BY METHOD 2 ONLY.
注意 :不要在 7 型（TEFLON内衬轴承）轴承上使用方法 1 至 5。TEFLON内衬轴承只能用方法 6 清洁。6 型（烧结金属）轴承只能用方法 2 清洁。
(2) The numbered cleaning procedures are given in order of preference. Unless the bearings are Teflon-lined or sintered-metal, you can use any method.
所编号的清洗程序按优先顺序排列。除非轴承是TEFLON内衬或烧结金属，否则可以使用任何方法。
B. Method 1 — Ultrasonic Cleaning
方法 1 – 超声波清洗
(1) Clean the bearing manually with dry cleaning solvent or mineral spirits. Remove all of the preservative, grease, oil and dirt that you can see. Hold the bearing only with clean, lint-free gloves, neoprene rubber gloves, tongs or holders, until the bearing is preserved or lubricated.
用干洗溶剂或矿物油精手工清洗轴承。清除所有能看到的防腐剂、油脂、油和污垢。仅用干净、不起毛的手套、氯丁橡胶手套、钳子或夹子夹住轴承，直到轴承得到保护或润滑。
(2) Ultrasonically clean with BMS 11-6, Type 1 trichloroethylene. To prevent damage to the bearing, keep the power less than 5 watts per square inch and the frequency more than 40 kHz.
使用 BMS 11-6 型 1 三氯乙烯进行超声波清洗。为防止损坏轴承，功率应小于每平方英寸 5 瓦，频率应大于 40 千赫。
(a) Hold the bearing in vapor over the boiling sump.
将轴承放在沸腾水池的蒸汽中。
(b) Move the bearing to the ultrasonic reservoir.
将轴承移至超声波贮槽。
(c) Remove from the ultrasonic reservoir. Spray rinse the bearing with the same type of solvent.
从超声波贮槽中取出。用相同类型的溶剂喷洗轴承。
(d) Move the bearing down into the vapor over the sump for 30 seconds.
将轴承移到水池上的蒸汽中 30 秒钟。
(e) Dry the bearing per Paragraph 6.
按第 6 段的方法干燥軸承。
C. Method 2 — Vapor Degreasing
方法 2 — 蒸汽脱脂
(1) Use this method for Type 6 (sintered-metal) bearings. But do not do it unless:
对 6 型（烧结金属）轴承使用此方法。但除非
(a) The bearing pores have too much contamination to permit removal with a clean cloth.
轴承孔隙中的污染物太多，无法用干净的布清除。
(b) The oil in the bearing is dirty.
轴承中的油很脏。
(c) The bearing was put into storage at a temperature more than 90°F for a long time.
轴承长期存放在温度超过 90°F 的环境中。
(2) Clean the bearing manually as in Paragraph 5.B.(1) above.
按照上述第 5.B.(1)段的方法手动清洗轴承。
(3) Drain all of the solvent from the bearing.
从轴承中排出所有溶剂。
(4) Vapor degrease the bearing per SOPM 20-30-03. During the procedure, apply the wash spray to the bearing for a minimum of 5 minutes.
按照 SOPM 20-30-03 对轴承进行蒸汽脱脂。在此程序中，对轴承进行至少 5 分钟的清洗喷淋。
(5) Dry the bearing per Paragraph 6.
按照第 6 段的规定烘干轴承。
D. Method 3 — Pressurized Spray Wash
方法 3 – 加压喷雾清洗
(1) Clean the bearing manually as in Paragraph 5.B.(1) above.
如上文第 5.B.(1)段所述，手动清洗轴承。
(2) Drain all of the solvent from the bearing.
从轴承中排出所有溶剂。
(3) Pressure-spray wash with dry cleaning solvent or mineral spirits.
用干洗溶剂或矿物油精进行压力喷洗。
(4) Drain all of the solvent from the bearing.
从轴承中排出所有溶剂。
(5) Dry the bearing per Paragraph 6.
按照第 6 段的要求干燥轴承。
E. Method 4 — Four-Stage Immersion Cleaning
方法 4 – 四级浸入式清洗
(1) Use four tanks, one after the other. Fill each tank with dry cleaning solvent or mineral spirits. (The dirty bearing goes into Tank 1 first, then Tanks 2, 3, and 4 as specified below.) When Tank 1 becomes too dirty, remove it and replace with Tank 2. Move Tank 3 into the place where Tank 2 was. Put a tank of clean solvent where Tank 3 was. In Tank 4, keep the solvent clean and filtered per Paragraph 2.F. above.
使用四个槽，一个接一个。在每个槽中注入干洗溶剂或矿物油精。(脏轴承先进入 1 号槽，然后按下文规定的顺序进入 2 号、3 号和 4 号槽）。当 1 号槽太脏时，将其移走，换上 2 号槽。将 3 号槽移到 2 号槽的位置。在 3 号槽的位置放上一罐干净的溶剂。在 4 号槽中，保持溶剂清洁，并按照上文第 2.F. 段进行过滤。
(2) Clean the bearing in Tank 1 to remove heavy contamination, to make it easy to clean in the next step.
清洗 1 号槽中的轴承，清除严重污染，以方便下一步清洗。
(3) Clean the bearing in Tank 2 until you cannot see any more contamination.
清洗槽2 中的轴承，直至看不到任何污染物。
(4) Wash the bearing in Tank 3 to remove all signs of dirty solvent that came with the bearing from Tank 2.
在 3 号槽中清洗轴承，清除 2 号槽中轴承上的所有脏溶剂痕迹。
(5) Wash the bearing in Tank 4.
在 4 号槽中清洗轴承。
(6) Drain all of the solvent from the bearing.
从轴承中排出所有溶剂。
(7) Dry per Paragraph 6.
按照第 6 段的规定进行干燥。
F. Method 5 — Fingerprint Removal
方法 5 – 去除指纹
(1) Put the bearing in fingerprint remover. Shake the bearing for a minimum of 2 minutes.
将轴承放入指纹清除剂中。摇晃轴承至少 2 分钟。
(2) Wash the bearing in filtered mineral spirits.
用过滤的矿物油精清洗轴承。
(3) Dry per Paragraph 6.
按照第 6 段进行干燥。
G. Method 6 — Type 7 Teflon-Lined Self-Lubricating Bearings
方法 6 — 类型 7 Teflon内衬自润滑轴承
(1) These bearings have a Teflon liner bonded to the bushing metal by an adhesive system. Boeing did not do tests on the adhesive system for resistance to solvents and cleaners. Therefore we do not recommend that you use solvents or cleaners to clean these bearings.
这些轴承有一个Teflon内衬，通过粘合剂系统粘合到衬套金属上。波音公司没有对粘合剂系统进行抗溶剂和清洁剂的测试。因此，我们不建议您使用溶剂或清洁剂来清洁这些轴承。
(2) If it is necessary to clean these bearings, wipe them with a clean, lint-free cloth moist with warm water only, then let them air dry or blow them dry with compressed air. Do not use solvents or cleaners on these bearings.
如果需要清洁这些轴承，请用干净的无绒布沾温水擦拭，然后晾干或用压缩空气吹干。请勿在这些轴承上使用溶剂或清洁剂。
6. DRYING 干燥
A. Use one of these methods to dry bearings:
使用以下方法之一干燥轴承：
(1) Put in a ventilated oven at 200-250°F for a minimum of 30 minutes.
放在 200-250°F 的通风烘箱中至少 30 分钟。
CAUTION :DO NOT SPIN BEARINGS WITH COMPRESSED AIR OR TURN THEM QUICKLY BY ANY MEANS BEFORE LUBRICATION. THEY COULD BE DAMAGED BY THE SPEED.
注意 :在润滑之前，不要用压缩空气旋转轴承或用任何方法快速转动轴承。轴承可能会因转速过快而损坏。
(2) Dry with filtered compressed air free of grit, moisture, and oil. Use filters to remove all particles larger than 10 microns.
用过滤后的压缩空气进行干燥，空气中不得有砂砾、水分和油。使用过滤器清除所有大于 10 微米的颗粒。
(3) Bearings that were ultrasonic cleaned or vapor degreased can be air dried at 65°F minimum room temperature for 60 minutes minimum. Make sure the relative humidity is less than 40%.
经过超声波清洗或蒸汽脱脂的轴承可在 65°F 的最低室温下风干至少 60 分钟。确保相对湿度低于 40%。
7. HANDLING OF BEARINGS AFTER CLEANING 清洗后轴承的处理
A. If the bearings are not in their original containers, give them protection from contamination and corrosion at all times.
如果轴承不在原装容器中，应始终保护轴承免受污染和腐蚀。
B. Be careful with cleaned bearings. Use only lint-free gloves, neoprene rubber gloves, or tongs. Clean or discard dirty gloves when bearing contamination is possible. Do not touch bearings with bare hands.
小心操作清洗后的轴承。只能使用无绒手套、氯丁橡胶手套或钳子。当轴承可能受到污染时，清洗或丢弃脏手套。不要赤手接触轴承。
8. LUBRICATION 润滑
A. Keep the grease in a sealed container until the time of use. Keep the grease as clean as initially supplied. After the lubrication is completed, discard grease that is not in the original container.
将润滑脂保存在密封容器中直至使用。保持润滑脂与最初提供的一样清洁。润滑完成后，丢弃不在原容器中的润滑脂。
CAUTION :DO NOT LUBRICATE TYPE 7 (TEFLON-LINED) BEARINGS. THE TEFLON IN THEM GIVES SUFFICIENT LUBRICATION. ALSO, GREASE OR OTHER LUBRICANTS CAN COLLECT CONTAMINATION WHICH COULD DAMAGE THE TEFLON SURFACES.
警告 :请勿润滑 7 型 （TEFLON内衬）轴承。其中的聚四氟乙烯可提供足够的润滑。此外，润滑脂或其他润滑剂会聚集污染物，从而损坏聚四氟乙烯表面。
B. Lubricate Types 1, 2, and 5 bearings within 30 minutes after they were cleaned and dried. Lubricate Type 6 bearings immediately after they are cleaned and dried. Do not lubricate Type 7 bearings.
类型1、2和 5轴承在清洗和干燥后 30 分钟内进行润滑。6 型轴承在清洁和干燥后立即进行润滑。不要润滑 7 型轴承。
C. Pack Type 1, 2, and 5 bearings one-third full with the lubricant specified by overhaul instructions. If no lubricant is specified, use Aeroshell 5 grease on Type 1 bearings, MIL-G-81322 grease on military applications, and BMS 3-33 or MIL-G-23827 grease on Types 2 and 5 bearings. Turn the bearing until all internal surfaces have a layer of lubricant. Also apply a layer of lubricant on external surfaces of the bearing.
用大修说明书规定的润滑剂将 1、2 和 5 型轴承装满三分之一。如果没有规定的润滑剂，在 1 型轴承上使用 Aeroshell 5 润滑脂，在军事应用上使用 MIL-G-81322 润滑脂，在 2 型和 5 型轴承上使用 BMS 3-33 或 MIL-G-23827 润滑脂。转动轴承，直到所有内表面都有一层润滑油。同时在轴承外表面涂一层润滑剂。
D. Clean spatulas can be used to apply the lubricant. But the spatulas must be made of nonferrous metal, such as nickel, monel, or inconel. Do not use wooden spatulas.
可以使用干净的抹刀涂抹润滑剂。但抹刀必须由有色金属制成，例如镍、蒙乃尔合金或铬镍铁合金。不要使用木制抹刀。
E. To lubricate cleaned Type 6 bearings, soak them for 20 minutes in a bath of MIL-L-7870 oil at 135-140°F. (Do not keep this oil heated above room temperature except while you soak the bearings. The oil evaporates easily and the heat will cause deterioration of its low-temperature properties.) Remove the bearings from the heated oil and immediately put them in a room temperature bath of MIL-L-7870 oil.
要润滑清洗过的 6 型轴承，请在 135-140°F 的 MIL-L-7870 油中浸泡 20 分钟。(不要将这些油加热在室温以上，除非你浸泡轴承。油很容易蒸发，热量会导致其低温性能的恶化。)。将轴承从加热的油中取出，立即放入室温的 MIL-L-7870 油中。
9. PRESERVATION 维护
A. Use this procedure to put away Type 1, 2, or 5 bearings without lubrication.
使用本程序收起 1、2 或 5 型轴承，无需润滑。
B. Within 30 minutes after the bearing is cleaned and dried, put it into MIL-C-16173 grade 3 corrosion preventive compound for one minute.
在轴承清洗和干燥后的 30 分钟内，将其放入 MIL-C-16173 3 级防腐蚀化合物中 1 分钟。
C. Remove the bearing and let it drain.
取出轴承并让其沥干。
D. Clean any seals or retainers in filtered mineral spirits. Dry them. Install them on the bearing.
用过滤的矿物油精清洗密封件或保持架。擦干。将它们安装到轴承上。
E. Before you lubricate the bearing, remove the preservative by a cleaning method of Paragraph 5.
在润滑轴承之前，用第 5 段的清洁方法清除防腐剂。
10. PROTECTION AND IDENTIFICATION 保护和识别
A. Type 1, 2, 5
类型 1、2、5
(1) If the bearings will not be installed immediately after lubrication, put each one into a MIL-B-117 bag or sleeve. Keep the included air volume to a minimum. If the bearings weigh more than 6 ounces, also put each one into a cardboard box.
如果轴承在润滑后不立即安装，应将每个轴承装入一个 MIL-B-117 袋或套筒中。尽量减少所含空气量。如果轴承重量超过 6 盎司，也应将每个轴承装入纸箱。
(2) Identify each bearing or container with part number, manufacturer, lubricant, and date lubricated. Make sure the identification can be read after a 24-hour soak in the bearing lubricant.
在每个轴承或容器上标明件号、制造商、润滑剂和润滑日期。确保在轴承润滑剂中浸泡 24 小时后仍能读出标识。
B. Type 6
类型 6
(1) If the bearings will not be installed immediately after lubrication, put each one into a MIL-B-117 Type 2 Class C container.
如果轴承在润滑后不会立即安装，应将每个轴承放入 MIL-B-117 2 类 C 级容器中。
(2) Identify each bearing with part number, manufacturer, lubricant, and date lubricated.
在每个轴承上标明件号、制造商、润滑剂和润滑日期。
C. Type 7
类型 7
(1) If the bearings will not be installed immediately after lubrication, put each one into a MIL-B-117 container.
如果轴承在润滑后不立即安装，将每个轴承放入 MIL-B-117 容器中。
(2) Identify each bearing with part number and manufacturer.
标明每个轴承的件号和制造商。
11. STORAGE 储存
A. Keep all of the bearings in a dry area and give them protection from dirt and other contamination.
将所有轴承存放在干燥的地方，防止灰尘和其他污染。
B. Keep the Type 6 bearings at moderate temperatures below 90°F, to keep the oil in them.
将 6 型轴承保持在低于 90°F 的适度温度下，以保持其中的润滑油。
C. Within 6 years of the lubrication date, examine all Types 1, 2 and 5 bearings as follows:
自润滑日期起 6 年内，按以下步骤检查所有 1、2 和 5 型轴承：
(1) Look at the bearing for signs of corrosion.
观察轴承是否有腐蚀迹象。
(2) Hold the inner race and turn the outer race. Make sure the bearing turns smoothly.
握住内圈，转动外圈。确保轴承转动顺畅。