电镀用铝合金的制备PREPARATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS FOR ELECTROPLATING
1. INTRODUCTION 介绍
A. The data in this subject comes from Boeing Process Specification BAC5714. The airline has a copy of the Boeing Process Specification Manual.
本主题中的数据来自波音工艺规范 BAC5714。航空公司有一本波音工艺规范手册。
B. The data is general. It is not about all situations or specific installations. Use this data to help you write minimum standards.
数据是通用的。并不涉及所有情况或特定安装。使用此数据可帮助您编写最低标准。
C. This subject gives procedures to clean, activate, and do basic striking before you apply plating on aluminum alloys. Use the data in this subject with other Boeing electroplating processes when the overhaul instructions apply an electroplate on aluminum and aluminum alloys.
本主题给出了在铝合金上电镀之前进行清洁、活化和基本击打的程序。当大修说明在铝和铝合金上使用电镀时，请将本主题中的数据与波音公司的其他电镀工艺一起使用。
D. Refer to SOPM 20-00-00 for a list of all the vendor names and addresses.
请参阅 SOPM 20-00-00，了解所有供应商的名称和地址。
2. MATERIALS 材料
A. Sodium Hydroxide, Flake or Granulated — O-S-598
片状或颗粒状氢氧化钠 – O-S-598
B. Nitric Acid, 40 to 42 degree Be — O-N-350
硝酸，40 至 42 度 Be — O-N-350
C. Hydrofluoric Acid, 70 percent, Technical — O-H-795
氢氟酸，70%，工业级 — O-H-795
D. Zinc Oxide, USP Grade
氧化锌，USP 级
E. Cuprous Cyanide, 70 percent Copper Minimum, Plating Grade
氰化亚铜，最低含铜量 70%，电镀级
F. Sodium Carbonate, 58 percent, Technical, Plating Grade
碳酸钠，58%，工业级，电镀级
G. Sodium Cyanide, 96 to 98 percent, Egg, Plating Grade
氰化钠，96%-98%，蛋液，电镀级
H. Sodium Potassium Tartrate (Rochelle Salt), Technical
酒石酸钾钠（Rochelle Salt），工业级
I. Ferric Chloride, Technical
氯化铁，工业级
J. Sodium Nitrate, Purified Grade
硝酸钠，纯化级
K. Zincate Compound — ZN-77, V71410
锌酸盐化合物 — ZN-77，V71410
L. Alumon D powder or liquid, V02258
明矾 D 粉末或液体，V02258
M. Sulfuric Acid, 66° Be — O-S-809
硫酸，66°Be — O-S-809
N. Actane 70, V02258
Actane 70，V02258 3.
3. SOLUTION PREPARATION 溶液制备
A. Standard Zinc Immersion Bath
标准浸锌槽
(1) Clean tank thoroughly and add 1/2 total amount water.
彻底清洁槽，加入总量 1/2 的水。
(2) Add 15.5 ounces sodium hydroxide for each gallon of final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 15.5 盎司氢氧化钠。搅拌直至溶解。
(3) Add 2.5 ounces zinc oxide for each gallon of final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 2.5 盎司氧化锌。搅拌直至溶解。
(4) Cool solution to room temperature.
将溶液冷却至室温。
(5) Make a mixture of 0.13 ounces sodium nitrate, 0.27 ounces ferric chloride, and 6.7 ounces sodium potassium tartrate for each gallon of final solution. Dissolve these chemicals in water.
每加仑最终溶液加入 0.13 盎司硝酸钠、0.27 盎司氯化铁和 6.7 盎司酒石酸钾钠的混合物。将这些化学品溶解在水中。
(6) Add the mixture, in small quantities, to the solution. Stir thoroughly after each addition.
将混合物少量加入溶液中。每次加入后彻底搅拌。
(7) Fill tank with water to operating level.
在槽中加水至操作水平。
(8) Maintain solution at 70-75°F.
保持溶液在 70-75°F。
(9) Control solution at 15.0-16.0 oz/gal sodium hydroxide and 2.2-2.7 oz/gal zinc oxide.
将溶液控制在 15.0-16.0 盎司/加仑氢氧化钠和 2.2-2.7 盎司/加仑氧化锌。
(10) Discard solution when additions of sodium hydroxide and zinc oxide do not produce an acceptable zinc plate.
当氢氧化钠和氧化锌的添加量不能产生合格的电镀锌时，报废溶液。
B. Alumon D Zincate Bath
Alumon D 锌酸盐槽
(1) Clean tank thoroughly and add 1/5 total amount water.
彻底清洗槽，加入总量 1/5 的水。
(2) Add 16.0 ounces Alumon D powder or 0.25 gallon Alumon D liquid for each gallon of final solution. Add chemical slowly with agitation to prevent excess heating.
每加仑最终溶液加入 16.0 盎司 Alumon D 粉末或 0.25 加仑 Alumon D 液体。在搅拌的情况下缓慢加入化学品，以防止过度加热。
(3) Fill tank with water to operating level.
在槽中加水至操作水平。
(4) Maintain solution at 70-115°F.
保持溶液在 70-115°F。
(5) Control solution at 0.9-1.7 oz/gal as metallic zinc.
将溶液控制在 0.9-1.7 盎司/加仑的金属锌浓度。
(6) When you adjust the concentration, do not add Alumon D powder directly to the tank. Make a mixture of 5.0 pounds Alumon D powder to 1 gallon water or use Alumon D liquid.
调整浓度时，不要将 Alumon D 粉末直接加入槽中。将 5.0 磅 Alumon D 粉与 1 加仑水混合，或使用 Alumon D 液体。
(7) Discard solution when additions of Alumon D do not produce an acceptable zinc plate.
当加入 Alumon D 后不能产生合格的电镀锌时，应报废溶液。
C. Diversey Zincate Immersion Bath
Diversey 镀锌浸入槽
(1) Clean tank thoroughly and add 1/2 total amount water.
彻底清洁槽，加入总量 1/2 的水。
(2) Add 48.0 ounces zincate compound for each gallon final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 48.0 盎司锌酸盐化合物。搅拌直至溶解。
(3) Fill tank with water to operating level.
在槽中加水至操作水平。
(4) Cool solution to 70-90°F.
将溶液冷却至 70-90°F。
(5) Maintain solution at 70-90°F.
保持溶液在 70-90°F。
(6) Control solution at 40.0-56.0 oz/gal zincate compound. (The equivalent specific gravity is 1.26-1.34 at 70°F, and 1.255-1.338 at 90°F.)
将溶液控制在 40.0-56.0 盎司/加仑锌酸盐化合物。(等效比重在 70°F 时为 1.26-1.34，在 90°F 时为 1.255-1.338）。
(7) Discard solution when additions of zincate compound do not produce an acceptable zinc plate.
如果添加的锌酸盐化合物不能产生合格的电镀锌，则报废溶液。
D. Caustic Etch Solution
腐蚀性蚀刻溶液
(1) Clean tank thoroughly and add 1/2 total amount water.
彻底清洗槽，加入总量 1/2 的水。
(2) Add 5.0 ounces sodium hydroxide for each gallon of final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 5.0 盎司氢氧化钠。搅拌直至溶解。
(3) Fill tank with water to operating level.
向槽中加水至操作水平。
(4) Maintain solution at 130-150°F.
保持溶液在 130-150°F。
(5) Control solution at 4.0-5.0 oz/gal sodium hydroxide.
将溶液控制在每加仑 4.0-5.0 盎司氢氧化钠。
E. Copper Strike Solution
铜击溶液
(1) Clean tank thoroughly and add 1/2 total amount water.
彻底清洁槽，加入总量 1/2 的水。
(2) Add 5.5 ounces cuprous cyanide for each gallon of final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 5.5 盎司氰化亚铜。搅拌直至溶解。
(3) Add 6.5 ounces sodium cyanide for each gallon of final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 6.5 盎司氰化钠。搅拌直至溶解。
(4) Add 4.0 ounces sodium carbonate for each gallon of final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 4.0 盎司碳酸钠。搅拌直至溶解。
(5) Add 6.0 ounces sodium potassium tartrate for each gallon of final solution. Stir until dissolved.
每加仑最终溶液加入 6.0 盎司酒石酸钾钠。搅拌直至溶解。
(6) Fill tank with water to operating level.
将水注入槽内至操作水平。
(7) Maintain solution at 100-130°F.
保持溶液在 100-130°F。
(8) Control solution at 5.0-5.5 oz/gal cuprous cyanide, 4.0-8.0 oz/gal sodium carbonate, 4.0-8.0 oz/gal sodium potassium tartrate, 0.2-2.0 oz/gal free sodium cyanide, and a pH of 10.2-11.5.
将溶液控制在 5.0-5.5 盎司/加仑氰化亚铜、4.0-8.0 盎司/加仑碳酸钠、4.0-8.0 盎司/加仑酒石酸钾钠、0.2-2.0 盎司/加仑游离氰化钠和 10.2-11.5 的 pH 值。
F. Actane 70-Nitric Acid Solution
Actane 70 硝酸溶液
(1) Clean the tank.
清洗槽。
(2) Fill tank to 3/4 of operating level with nitric acid.
将硝酸注入槽至操作液位的 3/4。
(3) Fill tank to operating level with water and mix thoroughly.
向槽中加水至操作液位并充分混合。
(4) Add 16 ounces of Actane 70 for each gallon of final solution.
每加仑最终溶液加入 16 盎司 Actane 70。
(5) Control solution at 70-80 oz/gal nitric acid and 12-16 oz/gal Actane 70 at room temperature.
在室温下，将溶液控制在 70-80 盎司/加仑硝酸和 12-16 盎司/加仑 Actane 70。
G. Actane 70-Nitric-Sulfuric Acid Solution
Actane 70-硝酸-硫酸溶液
(1) Clean the tank.
清洗槽。
(2) Fill tank to 1/4 operating level with water.
将水注入槽至 1/4 操作水平。
(3) Fill tank to 3/4 operating level with nitric acid. Let the solution cool to 100°F.
将硝酸注入槽内至 3/4 操作液位。让溶液冷却至 100°F。
(4) Add sulfuric acid to the operating level.
加入硫酸至操作水平。
(5) Slowly add 16 ounces of Actane 70 for each gallon of final solution.
每加仑最终溶液缓慢加入 16 盎司 Actane 70。
(6) Operate this solution at 60-90°F.
在 60-90°F 下使用该溶液。
(7) Control solution with nitric and sulfuric acids added in a 2 to 1 ratio.
以 2 比 1 的比例加入硝酸和硫酸控制溶液。
H. Nitric-Hydrofluoric Acid Solution
硝酸氢氟酸溶液
(1) Clean the tank.
清洗槽。
(2) Fill tank 3/4 of operating level with nitric acid.
将硝酸注入槽内 3/4 的操作液位。
(3) Add hydrofluoric acid to fill tank to operating level. Mix thoroughly.
加入氢氟酸，使槽液达到操作水平。充分混合。
(4) Maintain solution at room temperature.
保持溶液在室温。
(5) Control solution at 60.0-87.0 oz/gal nitric acid and 18.0-29.0 oz/gal hydrofluoric acid.
将溶液控制在 60.0-87.0 盎司/加仑硝酸和 18.0-29.0 盎司/加仑氢氟酸。
(6) Discard solution when time required to remove smut is more than 20 seconds or if you see copper deposits on parts.
如果清除污垢所需的时间超过 20 秒，或在零件上发现铜沉积物，则丢弃溶液。
I. Nitric Acid Dip
硝酸浸渍
(1) Clean tank thoroughly.
彻底清洁槽。
(2) Fill tank to operating level with nitric acid.
将硝酸注入槽至操作水平。
(3) Maintain solution at room temperature.
保持溶液在室温。
(4) Control solution at a minimum of 100.0 oz/gal nitric acid.
将溶液控制在至少 100.0 盎司/加仑硝酸的水平。
(5) Discard the solution when time required to strip zinc plate exceeds 10 seconds.
当电镀锌板所需的剥离时间超过 10 秒时，报废溶液。
4. PREPARATION FOR PLATING PROCESSES 电镀前的准备工作
A. General Notes
通用说明
(1) The Diversey zincate immersion bath and the Alumon D zincate bath are alternates to the standard zinc immersion bath.
Diversey 镀锌液和 Alumon D 镀锌液是标准镀锌液的替代品。
(2) Surfaces must be water break-free after immersion in any processing solution or rinse, other than vapor degrease, solvent cleaning, or emulsion cleaning. A water break-free surface is a surface which keeps a continuous water layer for a minimum of 30 seconds after a spray or immersion rinse in clean water at a temperature below 100°F. Clean surfaces again which are not water break-free.
除蒸气除油、溶剂清洗或乳液清洗外，浸入任何加工溶液或冲洗后的表面必须无断水。无断水表面是指在温度低于 100 华氏度的清水中喷淋或浸泡冲洗后，表面能保持至少 30 秒钟的连续水层。再次清洁无断水表面。
(3) When selective finishes are specified, anodize the parts and seal all pores before you send the parts through the procedures of this subject. Conversion coatings such as Alodine can be applied after plating.
在规定进行选择性表面处理时，在将零件送入本主题的程序之前，先对零件进行阳极氧化处理并封闭所有气孔。电镀后可使用 Alodine 等转化涂层。
(4) Adjust the overflow rate on immersion rinse tanks to keep the solids no more than 750 ppm above the contamination level of the incoming water. Final rinse tank contamination must not be more than 150 ppm above the contamination level of the incoming water.
调整浸入式冲洗槽的溢流率，使固体含量不超过进水污染水平的 750 ppm。最后冲洗槽的污染程度不得超过进水污染程度的 150 ppm。
(5) For the plating thickness, refer to the overhaul instructions, or the applicable standard practice, about the final electroplating.
关于电镀厚度，请参阅大修说明或适用的标准做法中有关最终电镀的内容。
B. Precleaning
预清洁
(1) If parts are oily or greasy, vapor degrease or emulsion clean them per SOPM 20-30-03.
如零件有油污或油脂，则按照 SOPM 20-30-03 进行蒸气脱脂或乳液清洗。
(2) Rack and mask parts. Use only aluminum or aluminum alloy racks which are completely masked except for contact points.
架起和遮盖零件。除接触点外，只能使用完全遮盖的铝或铝合金架子。
(3) Alkaline clean per SOPM 20-30-03 using soak cleaners only.
按照 SOPM 20-30-03 规定，仅使用浸泡清洁剂进行碱性清洁。
(4) Rinse for 10 minutes minimum. Examine the parts for water-break-free surface. Clean the parts again, if necessary.
至少冲洗 10 分钟。检查零件表面是否无断水。必要时再次清洁零件。
C. Oxide and Scale Removal
清除氧化物和垢
(1) If necessary, remove oxides and heat-treat scale per BAC5765 or use the procedure of Paragraph 4.C.(2).
如有必要，按照 BAC5765 或第 4.C.(2)段的程序清除氧化物和热处理垢。
(2) Alternate Method
替代方法
CAUTION ：PARTS MUST BE AT OR BELOW ROOM TEMPERATURE, OR OVER ETCHING CAN RESULT.
注意 ：零件必须处于室温或低于室温，否则会导致过度蚀刻。
(a) Use one of these solutions:
使用下列溶液之一：
1) Actane 70-Nitric Acid (Paragraph 3.F.)
Actane 70-硝酸（第 3.F 段）
2) Actane 70-Nitric-Sulfuric Acid (Paragraph 3.G.)
Actane 70-硝酸-硫酸（第 3.G 段）
3) Nitric-Hydrofluoric Acid (Paragraph 3.H.)
硝酸-氢氟酸（第 3.H 段）
(b) Etch the parts in the solution for the following times:
将零件在溶液中蚀刻以下时间：
CAUTION ：DO NOT ETCH LONGER THAN THE MAXIMUM TIME SHOWN.
注意 ：蚀刻时间不要超过所示的最长时间。
1) Aluminum alloys with less than 0.5 percent silicon: 2-5 minutes.
硅含量低于 0.5%的铝合金：2-5 分钟。
2) Aluminum alloys with more than 0.5 percent silicon: 5-15 minutes.
含硅量大于 0.5%的铝合金： 5-15 分钟。
(c) Rinse the parts. Examine them for water breaks. If necessary, alkaline clean them again. Then examine them for water breaks.
冲洗零件。检查是否有断水。如有必要，再次进行碱性清洗。然后检查是否有断水。
D. Pre-plate Etch
电镀前蚀刻
(1) Immerse in caustic etch solution (Paragraph 3.D.). Let the part give out gas over all of its surface for 5 to 15 seconds.
浸入腐蚀溶液（第 3.D 段）。让零件整个表面放出气体 5 至 15 秒钟。
(2) Rinse in warm water (100-130°F).
用温水（100-130°F）冲洗。
(3) Rinse in room temperature water.
用室温水冲洗。
CAUTION ：PARTS MUST BE AT OR BELOW ROOM TEMPERATURE OR OVER ETCHING CAN RESULT.
注意 ：零件必须处于室温或室温以下，否则会导致过度蚀刻。
(4) Immerse in Actane 70-nitric acid (Paragraph 3.F.), nitric-sulfuric (Paragraph 3.G.), nitric-hydrofluoric acid, (Paragraph 3.H.) or nitric acid solution (Paragraph 3.I.) until smut is removed.
浸入 Actane 70-硝酸（第 3.F 段）、硝酸-硫酸（第 3.G 段）、硝酸-氢氟酸（第 3.H 段）或硝酸溶液（第 3.I 段）中，直至污垢去除。
(5) Rinse twice with separate rinse tanks, 10-20 seconds in each rinse.
用单独的漂洗槽漂洗两次，每次漂洗 10-20 秒。
E. Zincate Application
锌酸盐应用
(1) Put the parts in standard zinc plating immersion bath solution with moderate agitation. Let the parts stay for 90-120 seconds for alloys with over 0.5% silicon, or 30-60 seconds for alloys with under 0.5% silicon. Or put all parts in Diversey zincate immersion bath for 30-60 seconds. Or put all parts in Alumon D zincate bath solution for 15-20 seconds.
将零件放入标准电镀锌浸入槽溶液中，适度搅拌。对于硅含量超过 0.5%的合金，让零件停留 90-120 秒；对于硅含量低于 0.5%的合金，让零件停留 30-60 秒。或将所有零件放入 Diversey 锌酸盐浸泡槽中浸泡 30-60 秒。或将所有零件放入 Alumon D 锌酸盐浴液中浸泡 15-20 秒。
(2) Rinse for 10-20 seconds.
冲洗 10-20 秒。
(3) For parts with over 0.5% silicon, proceed as follows:
硅含量超过 0.5%的零件，步骤如下：
(a) Dip in nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid-water, or nitric acid-sulphuric acid solution until the gas stops.
浸入硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-水或硝酸-硫酸溶液中，直至气体停止。
(b) Rinse twice with separate rinse tanks, 10-20 seconds in each rinse.
用单独的漂洗槽漂洗两次，每次漂洗 10-20 秒。
(c) Put the parts in standard zinc immersion bath for 90-120 seconds, Diversey zincate immersion bath for 30-60 seconds, or Alumon D zincate bath for 15-120 seconds. Provide moderate agitation of parts.
将零件放入标准锌浸泡槽中浸泡 90-120 秒，Diversey 锌酸盐浸泡槽中浸泡 30-60 秒，或 Alumon D 锌酸盐浸泡槽中浸泡 15-120 秒。适度搅拌零件。
(d) Rinse in water which is not more acid than the incoming tap water. Rinse must not be same as that following acid dip.
用酸性不高于自来水的水冲洗。冲洗不得与酸浸后的冲洗相同。
(4) Examine all parts for a smooth, continuous gray coating. Dark, heavy or non-uniform coatings will not let the plating bond well. If you find bad coating, put the parts in one of these solutions to remove the coating. Rinse well. Then apply the zincate coating again.
检查所有零件是否有光滑、连续的灰色涂层。深色、厚重或不均匀的镀层将不利于电镀的结合。如果发现涂层不良，将零件放入上述溶液中去除涂层。冲洗干净。然后再次涂上锌酸盐镀层。
(a) Nitric acid solution for 30-300 seconds.
硝酸溶液 30-300 秒。
(b) Actane 70-nitric acid, Actane 70-nitric-sulfuric acid, or nitric-hydrofluoric acid for 120 seconds maximum.
Actane 70-硝酸、Actane 70-硝酸-硫酸或硝酸-氢氟酸，最多 120 秒。
(5) Do not let the surfaces dry. Continue immediately with copper strike.
不要让表面干燥。立即继续铜击。
F. Copper Strike
铜击
CAUTION ：MAKE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS AND PUT THE PARTS INTO THE SOLUTION QUICKLY, BEFORE THE SURFACES DRY.
注意 ：在表面干燥之前，迅速进行电气连接并将零件放入溶液中。
(1) Make electrical connections to part outside the plating tank. Apply a voltage so that current will flow upon immersion of part. Put the parts into the copper strike bath. Immediately adjust current for a density of 24 amps per square foot (asf). After 2 minutes, decrease current to a density of 12 asf and keep at this value for 3-5 minutes.
与电镀槽外的零件进行电气连接。施加电压，使零件浸入时有电流流过。将零件放入镀铜液中。立即调节电流密度为每平方英尺 24 安培（asf）。2 分钟后，将电流密度降至 12 安培/平方英尺，并保持此值 3-5 分钟。
(2) For parts to be copper plated per SOPM 20-42-07, move them to the copper plate solution and continue per SOPM 20-42-07.
对于要按照 SOPM 20-42-07 进行电镀铜的零件，将其移至电镀铜溶液中，然后按照 SOPM 20-42-07 继续进行。
(3) For all other parts, rinse in cold water thoroughly. Continue with applicable plating procedures.
对于所有其他零件，用冷水彻底冲洗。继续执行适用的电镀程序。
G. Rework
返修
(1) If you rejected parts because of bad plating, strip them per SOPM 20-30-02. Then do all of the preparation-for-plating process again.
如果因电镀不良而拒收零件，则按照 SOPM 20-30-02 进行剥离。然后重新进行电镀前的所有准备工作。
5. QUALITY CONTROL 质量控制
A. Quality
质量
(1) The plating must be smooth and well-bonded, with no nodules, blisters, or burned areas.
电镀层必须光滑、结合良好，没有结节、水泡或烧焦的地方。
(2) Edge-lines around masked areas must be free of excessive build-up or nodules.
遮盖区域的边缘线不得有过量堆积或结节。
(3) Rack-marks must not be on any surface where plating is necessary for the function of the part.
在零件功能表面需要电镀的任何表面上不得出现挂痕。
B. Thickness — Refer to the overhaul instructions, or the applicable standard practice about the plating.
厚度 — 参见大修说明或有关电镀的适用标准做法。