润滑LUBRICATION
1. INTRODUCTION 介绍
A. The data in this subject comes from Boeing Process Specification BAC5008. The airline has a copy of the Boeing Process Specification Manual.
本主题中的数据来自波音工艺规范 BAC5008。航空公司有一份波音工艺规范手册。
B. The data is general. It is not about all situations or specific installations. Use it as a guide to help you write minimum standards.
数据是通用的。它并不适用于所有情况或特定安装。请将其作为帮助您编写最低标准的指南。
C. Refer to SOPM 20-00-00 for a list of all the vendor names and addresses.
有关所有供应商名称和地址的列表,请参阅 SOPM 20-00-00。
2. MATERIALS 材料
A. Solvents (SOPM 20-60-01)
溶剂(SOPM 20-60-01)
(1) Dry Cleaning or Stoddard — P-D-680
干洗剂或Stoddard——P-D-680
(2) Kerosene — VV-K-211
煤油——VV-K-211
(3) General Purpose Cleaning — Aliphatic naphtha TT-N-95
通用清洁剂——脂肪烃石油醚 TT-N-95
(4) Presealing Cleaning — BMS 11-7
预密封清洁剂——BMS 11-7
(5) 1, 1, 1 – Trichloroethane (Methyl Chloroform) — MIL-T-81533
1, 1, 1 – 三氯乙烷(甲基氯仿)——MIL-T-81533
(6) Freon TF
氟利昂TF
B. Oils and Greases (SOPM 20-60-03)
油和润滑脂(SOPM 20-60-03)
C. Anti-Seize Thread Compounds (SOPM 20-60-03)
防咬死螺纹化合物(SOPM 20-60-03)
(1) BMS 3-28 (Replaces AMS 3080 and TT-A-580)
BMS 3-28(取代AMS 3080和TT-A-580)
(2) Graphite – Petrolatum base — AMS 2518 (replaces MIL-T-5544)
石墨-凡士林基——AMS 2518(取代MIL-T-5544)
(3) Molybdenum-Disulfide base — MIL-T-83483
二硫化钼基——MIL-T-83483
(4) Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special (replaces Ease-Off 990 and Fel-Pro C-200)
Never-Seez纯镍特殊(取代Ease-Off 990和Fel-Pro C-200)
D. Miscellaneous Materials
其他材料
(1) Soft bristle brushes
软毛刷
(2) Paper wipers
擦拭纸
(3) Cloth wipers
擦拭布
3. PART PREPARATION 零件准备
WARNING ：SOME OF THE MATERIALS USED IN THIS PROCEDURE ARE TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE. DO NOT BREATHE VAPORS OR GET THE MATERIALS ON YOUR SKIN. REFER TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE/SAFETY/FIRE ORGANIZATIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION.
警告:本程序中使用的某些材料有毒且易燃。请勿吸入蒸汽或让材料接触皮肤。请咨询工业卫生/安全/消防部门,以确保操作安全。
A. Examine ferrous parts for remaining magnetism before you clean them for lubrication. Demagnetize the parts if they have more than 3 oersteds (2 gauss) of magnetism.
在清洁零件进行润滑之前,检查铁质零件是否残留磁性。如果零件的磁性超过3奥斯特(2高斯),则应进行消磁处理。
B. Clean bearings, bearing surfaces (such as splines, gears, cams, chains, shafts) and all adjacent surfaces before lubrication. Clean with clear, grit-free solvents.
在润滑之前,清洁轴承、轴承表面(如花键、齿轮、凸轮、链条、轴)以及所有相邻表面。使用无颗粒的透明溶剂进行清洁。
C. Clean adjacent surfaces with a vacuum or solvent.
使用真空或溶剂清洁相邻表面。
D. Clean antifriction bearings per SOPM 20-30-01.
按照SOPM 20-30-01清洁抗磨轴承。
4. APPLICATION PROCEDURES 应用程序
A. General
通用
(1) Keep lubricants in tightly covered containers made of nonabsorbent material. Label all containers, guns, dispensers, etc. Be careful to keep dust or other unwanted matter out when containers are open.
将润滑剂保存在用非吸收性材料制成的密闭容器中。在所有容器、喷枪、分配器等上贴上标签。容器打开时,注意防止灰尘或其他异物进入。
(2) Visually examine all bearings and bearing surfaces to sure they are clean before you apply lubricant.
在涂抹润滑剂前,目测检查所有轴承和轴承表面,确保其清洁。
(3) During and after lubrication, give protection to all parts and assemblies from contamination by dirt, filings, or other unwanted matter.
在润滑过程中和润滑后,保护所有零件和组件免受灰尘、碎屑或其他多余物质的污染。
(4) Apply all lubricants smoothly. Do not use too much. Do not lubricate parts which are supplied lubricated.
平滑的涂抹所有润滑剂。不要使用过多。不要润滑已润滑的零件。
(5) Do not mix greases of different vendors of the same specification or of different specifications. Different vendors use different ingredients to make their product agree with the specification, which could cause problems if the products are mixed. Also, greases of different specifications could have very different chemical and physical properties.
不要将相同规格或不同规格的不同供应商生产的润滑脂混合使用。不同供应商使用不同的成分来生产符合规格的产品,如果将产品混合使用,可能会导致问题。此外,不同规格的润滑脂可能具有非常不同的化学和物理特性。
(6) When you change greases, use these precautions:
更换润滑脂时,请采取以下预防措施:
(a) Remove all of the old grease from the bearing surfaces or internal cavities of the lubricated mechanism before you apply the new grease.
在涂抹新润滑脂前,应清除润滑机构轴承表面或内部空腔中的所有旧润滑脂。
(b) If complete removal of the old grease is not possible or practical, slowly pump in the new grease until all of the old grease is out of the mechanism. This will usually replace approximately 90% of the old grease. This is also the same procedure as when you replace old grease with new grease of the same product.
如果不可能或实际上无法完全清除旧润滑脂,则应缓慢用泵注入新润滑脂,直到旧润滑脂全部排出机构。通常可更换约90%的旧润滑脂。此过程与用相同产品的新润滑脂更换旧润滑脂的过程相同。
B. Greases
滑脂
(1) Antifriction bearings — Clean and lubricate per SOPM 20-30-01.
抗磨轴承——按照SOPM 20-30-01进行清洁和润滑。
(2) Plain spherical bearings (without teflon or other self-lubricating liners) — Lubricate the bearing bore and spherical surfaces immediately before pin or bolt installation.
滑动球轴承(不含聚四氟乙烯或其他自润滑衬垫)——在安装销子或螺栓之前立即润滑轴承孔和球面。
(3) Universals — Fill to one-third capacity immediately before installation of the grease boot.
万能轴承——在安装润滑脂护罩之前立即填充至三分之一容量。
(4) Gearboxes — Fill to one-third capacity unless the overhaul instructions specify are different. If “butter lubricate” is specified, apply a thin layer of grease to the contact surfaces of the gear teeth.
齿轮箱——加注至三分之一容量,除非大修说明另有规定。如果规定“黄油润滑”,则在齿轮齿的接触面上涂抹一层薄薄的润滑脂。
(5) Actuating screws — Lubricate with a thin layer coat of grease. Operate the mechanism through two cycles and then wipe off unwanted lubricant collected by the nut.
作动器螺丝——涂抹一层薄薄的润滑脂。操作机构两个周期,然后擦去螺母上收集的多余润滑剂。
(6) Flexible shafts, tachometer shafts — Wipe the shafts dry with a dry cloth to remove dirt, sand, shavings, etc. Then apply a thin layer of grease.
弹性轴、转速计轴——用干布擦干轴,去除灰尘、沙子、碎屑等。然后涂抹一层薄薄的润滑脂。
(7) Chains, sprockets, pinned joints, latches, hinges, splines, etc. — Apply a thin layer of grease immediately before assembly.
链条、链轮、销子接头、闩锁、铰链、花键等——在组装前立即涂抹一层薄薄的润滑脂。
(8) Control cables (carbon steel only, not CRES) — Use BMS 3-24 or Aeroshell 16 grease only and apply as follows:
控制钢索(仅限于碳钢,不包括CRES)——仅使用BMS 3-24或Aeroshell 16润滑脂,并按照以下步骤涂抹:
(a) Wipe the full length of the cable with a clean, dry cloth to remove unwanted matter. Do not solvent degrease or use a cloth wet with solvent.
用干净、干燥的布擦拭钢索的整个长度,去除多余的物质。不要使用溶剂脱脂或用蘸有溶剂的布擦拭。
(b) After swaging (SOPM 20-50-16), apply grease to the full length of the cable, but not clad areas, with a minimum quantity of grease sufficient only to put a continuous, thin visible ribbon of grease in the cable grooves. A smooth fillet of grease must cover the line of contact between adjacent wires. Apply the grease by hand or applicator. Do not thin the grease with heat or solvents.
压接后(SOPM 20-50-16),在钢索的整个长度上涂抹润滑脂,但不要涂抹在包层区域,润滑脂的用量应足以在钢索沟槽中形成一条连续、细小的可见油带。相邻导线之间的接触线必须被光滑的润滑脂覆盖。用手或涂抹器涂抹润滑脂。不要用加热或溶剂稀释润滑脂。
(c) To make sure there is sufficient grease on the cable, locally touch a clean paper wiper to the cable and then look for grease on the wiper. Do not slide the wiper along the cable. You can also examine the cable directly with magnification (5 to 10X) when there is sufficient grease remaining to make its typical color visible.
为了确保钢索上有足够的润滑脂,可用干净的擦拭纸局部接触钢索,然后查看擦拭纸上是否有润滑脂。不要让擦拭纸在钢索上滑动。当剩余有足够的润滑脂使其典型的颜色可见时，也可以直接用放大镜(5到10倍)检查钢索。
(d) If the cable gets contamination during overhaul operations, wipe off the unwanted matter with a clean dry cloth. Then immediately reapply the grease again.
如果钢索在大修操作过程中受到污染,请用干净的干布擦去多余的物质。然后立即重新涂抹润滑脂。
(9) Fasteners — Apply BMS 3-24 grease to all mating surfaces and the fasteners before you install removable fasteners.
紧固件——在安装可拆卸紧固件之前,在所有接合表面和紧固件上涂抹BMS 3-24润滑脂。
C. Oils
油
(1) Universal joints — Lubricate exposed universals with a brush or squirt can.
万向节——用刷子或喷壶润滑外露的万向节。
(2) Chains, sprockets, pinned joints, latches, hinges, splines, etc. — Dip in, brush on, or use squirt can to apply lubricant to the parts.
链条、链轮、销子接头、闩锁、铰链、花键等——将润滑油浸入、刷涂或用喷壶喷到零件上。
(3) Leather oil seals — Soak the seals for a minimum of 24 hours at room temperature (approximately 70°F or 20°C) in the specified oil, before assembly. Use a cone to install leather seals on all shafts, with or without chamfered ends.
皮革油封——在组装前,将密封件在室温(约70°F或20°C)下浸泡在指定机油中至少24小时。使用锥形工具将皮革密封件安装在所有轴上,无论轴端是否倒角。
(4) Gearboxes — Fill to the level specified by the overhaul instructions.
齿轮箱——加注至大修说明规定的液位。
(5) Sintered metal bearings — Lubricate the bearings and mating shaft surfaces with a thin layer of oil at assembly.
烧结金属轴承——在组装时,在轴承和配合轴表面涂抹薄薄一层油。
(6) Instrument bearings (that are not sealed) — Apply a thin layer of oil.
仪表轴承(未密封)——涂抹一层薄薄的油。
CAUTION ：COMPONENTS OR SYSTEMS THAT USE BMS 3-11 HYDRAULIC FLUID MUST USE ONLY THOSE LUBRICANTS APPROVED TO BE USED WITH BMS 3-11 HYDRAULIC FLUID.
注意:使用 BMS 3-11 液压油的组件或系统必须仅使用经批准可与 BMS 3-11 液压油一起使用的润滑剂。
(7) During assembly of components or subassemblies, apply a thin layer of the specified hydraulic fluid or lubricant of the system in which the components will be installed, or an approved lubricant for that system, unless the overhaul instructions tell you to install the parts without lubrication.
在组装组件或子组件时,应在要安装组件的系统上涂抹一层薄薄的指定液压油或润滑剂,或涂抹经批准用于该系统的润滑剂,除非大修说明要求在无润滑的情况下安装零件。
D. Antiseize Thread Compounds
防咬螺纹化合物
(1) You can use AMS 2518 (replaces MIL-T-5544), MIL-T-83483, and BMS 3-28 compounds, but use only BMS 3-28 if the compound could touch aluminum or magnesium parts. You can use AMS 2518 (replaces MIL-T-5544), MIL-T-83483, and BMS 3-28 on titanium alloys at all temperatures up to maximums of 1000°F, 700°F, and 350°F, respectively.
您可以使用 AMS 2518(取代 MIL-T-5544)、MIL-T-83483 和 BMS 3-28 化合物,但如果该化合物可能接触铝或镁零件,则只能使用 BMS 3-28。在钛合金上,您可以在最高温度分别为1000°F、700°F和350°F的温度下使用AMS 2518(取代MIL-T-5544)、MIL-T-83483和BMS 3-28。
(a) Put a small amount of the compound on the bristles of a small brush.
在小刷子的刷毛上放少量化合物。
(b) Apply a thin layer of the compound to the end threads of the male fittings.
在公接头末端螺纹上涂抹一层薄薄的化合物。
(2) Bostik Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special replaces Ease-Off 990 and Fel-Pro C-200, because Ease-Off 990 and Fel-Pro C-200 contain lead which could cause liquid metal embrittlement in nickel base alloys. You can use Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special up to 1400°F, and you can use it on and near titanium. You can apply this compound to individual parts at the time of installation and then let it cure at the operating temperature of the assembly.
Bostik Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special 取代了 Ease-Off 990 和 Fel-Pro C-200,因为 Ease-Off 990 和 Fel-Pro C-200 含有铅,可能会导致镍基合金中的液态金属脆化。Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special可在1400°F以下使用,可用于钛及其附近。可在安装时将这种化合物涂在各个零件上,然后在组件的操作温度下固化。
(a) To prepare individual coated parts for storage, first heat the parts to 140-200°F. Then use a brush to apply Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special. After coating, heat the parts to 550°F, hold at this temperature for 30 minutes, then let the parts cool.
要准备单独涂层的零件进行储存,首先将零件加热到140-200°F。然后用刷子涂抹Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special。涂层后,将零件加热到550°F,在此温度下保持30分钟,然后冷却。
(b) To prepare coated parts that will be assembled before storage, apply a layer of the antiseize compound to the mating surfaces, assemble them, tighten them by the overhaul instructions, then put them away without more treatment. Do not clean or preserve the prepared parts with petroleum compounds.
准备在储存前组装的涂层零件时,在配合表面涂上一层防咬死化合物,组装后按照大修说明拧紧,然后存放,无需进一步处理。请勿使用石油化合物清洁或保存准备好的零件。